ABSTRACT. Organic agriculture systems have the nutrients supplied by plant or animal by-products, bioinoculants, and compost-based products as earthworm composts and green manures. However, the quantitative and qualitative parameters of soil amendments depend on their sources, and soil amendments are generally not sufficient to supply the nutritional requirements of maize crops. Moreover, specialty maize requires high levels of N. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate specialty maize varieties supplied with two microbial inoculants applied in two inoculation methods. These factorial treatments were compared with their checks (varieties without inoculation), and the interaction among these factors was also investigated. The trials were carried out during the growing season in 2017-2018 in the State University of Maringá. The popcorn trial followed the randomized complete block design where the factorial 3 × 2 × 2 + 3 had five replications. The trial with white grits maize followed the same experimental design but the factorial scheme was 2 × 2 × 2 + 2 with three replications. Both trials had maize varieties and two species of microbial inoculants (Azospirillum brasilense and Methylobacterium sp.) applied in two inoculation methods, in the seeds and the foliar spray at V4 stage of plant development. The response traits were grain yield and the components of crop production. In both trials, we verified that the majority of the interactions among the factors was non-significant (p > 0.05), indicating the independence of these factors. Furthermore, the microbial inoculants had no beneficial effects on the traits. The possibility of a higher crop yield did not confirm the application of the inoculant in the stage V4. The organic compost may be the key point in mitigating the treatments with microbial inoculants due to the availability of N in the first stages of plant development. The traits also suggest the necessity of more trials about the influence of microbial inoculants on specialty maize production.

O presente estudo objetiva investigar a capacidade de identificação de situações de maus tratos domésticos em escolas e como se dá o encaminhamento deste problema no âmbito escolar. Utilizou-se uma amostra de 90 profissionais da educação, 10 diretores e 80 professores de 10 escolas públicas do Município de São Paulo, que responderam a um questionário previamente elaborado a partir de um estudo piloto com 30 professores. Os resultados indicaram que estes profissionais conseguem identificar várias situações e características de maus tratos domésticos, mas não são capazes de solucionar adequadamente estes casos, pois procuram orientar os pais em vez de encaminhá-los aos serviços de proteção à criança e ao adolescente. Este procedimento pode colocar ainda mais em risco a integridade das vítimas. A temática da violência doméstica é tratada com receio no ambiente escolar e os profissionais da educação ainda se mostram despreparados para abordar esta questão.

This study aims to investigate the capacity of public schools' staff for identifying children who have suffered domestic maltreatment and the following conduction of such problem. A sample of 90 education professionals was used, with 10 principals and 80 teachers from 10 different public schools in the city of Sao Paulo, who answered a previously prepared questionnaire elaborated from a pilot study with 30 teachers. The results indicated that those professionals are able to identify several domestic maltreatment situations and characteristics; however, they are not able to properly solve those cases, once they try to guide the parents instead of sending them to the services of children and adolescents protection. Such procedure may expose the victims to a higher risk. The domestic violence theme is fearfully dealt with inside schools and the education professionals are unprepared for approaching it yet.

Um ensaio de desempenho foi realizado para determinar a exigência nutricional de lisina para codornas japonesas (Coturnix coturnix japonica) em postura. Foram utilizadas 288 codornas, com 51 dias de idade, durante quatro ciclos de 21 dias, distribuídas em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com seis tratamentos e seis repetições, sendo a unidade experimental constituída por oito codornas. Uma ração testemunha, contendo níveis adequados de proteína bruta e aminoácidos e outras cinco rações, contendo níveis crescentes de lisina (0,65; 0,85; 1,05; 1,25; e 1,45%) e 14,1% de proteína bruta foram avaliadas. Excluindo a ração testemunha, as estimativas de exigências, considerando-se porcentagem de postura e peso médio dos ovos, foram 1,07 e 1,08% de lisina, respectivamente. A ração testemunha com 19,0% de proteína bruta e 1,0% de lisina foi suficiente para atender a exigência nutricional deste aminoácido.

A performance trial was conducted to determinate the nutritional requirement of lysine for laying Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Two hundred and eighty eight Japanese quails with 51 old days, during four cycles of 21 days, were allotted to a completely randomized design, with six treatments and six replicates, and the experimental unit constituted by eight quails. One control diet, with appropriated levels of the crude protein and amino acids and others five diets, with increasing levels of lysine (.65, .85, 1.05, 1.25, and 1.45%) and 14.1% crude protein were evaluated. Excluding the control diet, the estimates of lysine requirements, considering the laying percentage and egg weight average were 1.07 and 1.08%, respectively. The control diet with 19.0% of crude protein and 1.0% of lysine was enough to meet the nutritional requirement of this amino acid.